Dynamic changes and predictive values of routine laboratory parameters in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the dynamic changes of routine laboratory parameters during the course of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and estimate the predictive value for the severity of the disease.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, which enrolled 394 HFRS patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University (374 cases) and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (20 cases) from January 2019 to January 2022. The patients were divided into mild (mild and moderate) and severe (severe and critical) groups.The basic information, personal history, past history, treatment, complications and other clinical data of patients were collected and the results of the laboratory examinations in the morning at day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 and 25 of hospitalization and before discharge were recorded. The dynamic changes of the patients′ routine laboratory indicators and the dynamic predictive values of each indicator for severe condition were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used for comparison, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used for predictive value evaluation. Results:The age of 212 patients in the mild group was 38(27, 61) years, and that of 182 patients in the severe group was 49(32, 64) years, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.24, P=0.025). The incidences of acute pancreatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the utilization rates of blood purification and mechanical ventilation in the severe group were 6.0%(11/182), 12.6%(23/182), 19.8%(36/182), 89.6%(163/182) and 22.5%(41/182), respectively, and those in the mild group were 0(0/212), 0(0/212), 0(0/212), 15.6%(33/212) and 0.5%(1/212) respectively, and the differences were all statistically significant ( χ2=13.18, 28.45, 46.15, 214.48 and 50.02, respectively, all P<0.05). The levels of white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count and neutrophil count were all increased rapidly after onset and peaked at days 4 to 6 of illness, with the counts of 14.2(9.7, 20.7)×10 9/L, 4.2(2.3, 6.2)×10 9/L, 1.5 (0.8, 3.3)×10 9/L and 8.3(4.3, 11.4)×10 9/L, respectively. Aspartate aminotransferase peaked (102(66, 178) U/L) within three days after onset and then decreased rapidly, returned to normal level by day 12. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine both increased steadily after onset, peaked at day 9 to 10, with the levels of 13.2(7.7, 19.1) mmol/L and 255.4(122.9, 400.9) μmol/L, respectively. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products and D-dimer levels at day 3 after onset were 12.7(12.0, 13.2) s, 38.7(33.5, 51.9) s, 12.6(6.9, 32.0) mg/L and 4.9(2.2, 13.7) mg/L, respectively.Platelet count at day 4, neutrophil count at day 5, creatinine at day 11 and blood urea nitrogen at day 14 after onset had decent predictive values for estimating severity, of which the area under curve (AUC) values were 0.801(95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.727 to 0.875), 0.824(95% CI 0.770 to 0.878), 0.862(95% CI 0.805 to 0.919) and 0.810(95% CI 0.722 to 0.897), respectively. Conclusions:Routine blood count, liver function and coagulation are important reference indicators for early warning of severe disease of HFRS, while with the progress of the disease, renal function indicators are effective in differentiating the severity of the disease. The platelet count at day 4, neutrophil count at day 5, creatinine at day 11 and blood urea nitrogen at day 14 after onset have predictive values for severe HFRS.

New understandings of the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is still one of the common blinding eye diseases in China.Because of the irreversibility of the vision loss it caused, the factors affecting the early development of glaucoma are of great concern.The understanding of static anatomic structure of high-risk anterior segment, such as shallow anterior chamber, short axial length, thick iris and large anterior lens cannot fully explain the transformation process of PACG, so the specific role of dynamic changes in the development of glaucoma should be further considered.This article expounded the differences in iris volume and dynamic process of elasticity between normal people and patients with PACG, the incoordination between lens and intraocular structure during eyeball development, the dynamic block and expansion of ciliary body, vitreous and choroid, and the latest research on the relationship between the abnormal ocular nerve and vascular system adjustment and change with the onset of PACG, in order to provide guidance for understanding the pathogenesis of PACG, accurate clinical diagnosis and formulation of treatment strategies.

Value of serum amyloid protein dynamic changes on evaluating condition and prognosis of patients with viral and mycoplasma community-acquired pneumonia / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the predictive role of dynamic changes of plasma biomarkers in patients with viral and mycoplasma community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).Methods:From January 2020 to June 2020, 141 patients with viral and mycoplasma CAP in People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were enrolled. Pneumonia severity index (PSI) scores [grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(PSI score ≤ 70), grade Ⅲ (PSI score 71-90) and grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ(PSI score ≥ 91)], serum amyloid A (SAA), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell (WBC) on the 1 day after admission were compared between the different pathogens (viral and mycoplasma) or different disease severity. The change in level of SAA, hs-CRP on the third day (Δ 3 d = 1 d-3 d) were compared among different disease outcome groups (patients were divided into improved group, stable group and exacerbation group based on PSI scores or lung CT images on the third day). The change in the level of SAA, hs-CRP on the seventh day (Δ 7 d = 1 d-7 d) were compared among different disease prognosis groups (patients were divided into survival group and death group based on 28-day survival data). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were drawn to evaluate the value of SAA in the evaluation of disease and prediction prognosis. Results:The level of SAA in mycoplasma group (43 cases) was significantly higher than that in virus group (98 cases) on the 1 day after admission. There were no significant differences in other plasma biomarkers between the two groups. The more severe the illness, the higher the SAA level on the 1 day after admission. The trends of other plasma biomarkers in the two groups were consistent with SAA. The levels of SAA in the patients with exacerbation of the virus group and mycoplasma group (12 cases, 9 cases) were significantly higher than those of the improved group (57 cases, 26 cases) and the stable group (29 cases, 8 cases). SAA increased gradually in the exacerbation group, decreased gradually in the improved group, and slightly increased in the stable group. ΔSAA 3 d were differences among three groups. The change trend of hs-CPR was consistent with SAA. The level of SAA in the death group was higher than that in the survival group on the seventh day. SAA increased in the death group and decreased in survival group with time from hospital admission. There were differences according to ΔSAA 7 d between death group and survival group. The change trend of hs-CPR was consistent with SAA. ROC curve showed that the value of SAA was better than hs-CRP in assessing the severity of patients on admission day, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) was respectively 0.777 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.669-0.886], 0.729 (95% CI was 0.628-0.830). The value of ΔSAA 3 d was better than SAA on the third day predicting disease trends, and AUC was respectively 0.979 (95% CI was 0.921-1.000), 0.850 (95% CI was 0.660-1.000). hs-CRP on the third day and Δhs-CRP 3 d had no predictive value. Both SAA on the seventh day and ΔSAA 7 d have predictive value for prognosis. AUC was respectively 0.954 (95% CI was 0.898-0.993) and 0.890 (95% CI was 0.689-1.000). SAA on the seventh day and ΔSAA 7 d were better than hs-CRP on the seventh day. Δhs-CRP 7 d have no predictive value. Conclusions:SAA is a sensitive and valuable indicator for CAP patients with viruses and mycoplasma. Dynamic monitoring of SAA can evaluate the patient's progression, prognosis, and assist diagnosis and treatment.

Dynamic changes of corneal lag and corneal resistance factor in children with different degrees of myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the dynamic changes of corneal hysteresis(CH)and corneal resistance factor(CRF)before and after orthokeratology(OK)in children with different degrees of myopia.<p>METHODS: Totally 40 cases(80 eyes)of myopic children treated in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The subjects were divided into low-grade group and medium-grade group according to the spherical equivalent(SE)level. They were all treated with night wearing OK glasses. The LogMAR naked eye vision of the children was detected and recorded before and 1wk, 1, 6mo and 1a after wearing glasses. The levels of central corneal thickness(CCT)and axial length(AL)were monitored by ocular a-ultrasound, the SE level was measured by comprehensive optometry, the corneal curvature(K)was measured by corneal topography, the corneal compensated intraocular pressure(IOPcc)level was measured by ORA analyzer, and the values of CH and CRF were calculated at the same time.<p>RESULTS:The naked visual acuity of LogMAR at 1wk, 1, 6mo and 1a after wearing glasses was significantly lower than that before wearing glasses(all <i>P</i><0.05), and the SE and corneal curvature were significantly lower than that before wearing glasses(all <i>P</i><0.05). CH and CRF at 1wk, 1, 6mo, 1a after wearing glasses were significantly lower than those before wearing glasses(all <i>P</i><0.05). Compared with 1wk after wearing glasses, CH was significantly increased at 1, 6mo and 1a after wearing glasses(<i>t</i>=6.010, 6.447, 6.556, all <i>P</i><0.05), CRF was significantly increased(<i>t</i>=6.429, 6.786, 7.143, all<i> P</i><0.05). One week after wearing glasses, CH and CRF were positively correlated with K and CCT(<i>P</i><0.05); 1mo after wearing glasses, CH and CRF were positively correlated with K and CCT(<i>P</i><0.05). At 1wk, 1, 6mo and 1a after wearing glasses, CH in low degree group was significantly lower than that before wearing glasses(<i>t</i>=8.330, 3.922, 3.432 and 3.334, all <i>P</i><0.05), and CH in moderate degree group was significantly lower than that before wearing glasses(<i>t</i>=13.276, 4.964, 4.052 and 4.387, all <i>P</i><0.05). Compared with 1wk after wearing glasses, CH in low-grade group was significantly higher(<i>t</i>=4.413, 4.903, 5.001, all <i>P</i><0.05)and in moderate group was significantly higher(<i>t</i>=8.312, 8.773, 8.889, all <i>P</i><0.05)at 1, 6mo and 1a after wearing glasses. One week after wearing glasses, the CH level of moderate group was significantly lower than that of low group(<i>t</i>=2.089, <i>P</i><0.05). CRF in low-grade group was significantly lower than that before wearing glasses(<i>t</i>=8.684, 3.928, 3.618, 3.308, all <i>P</i><0.05), CRF in moderate group was significantly lower than that before wearing glasses(<i>t</i>=15.432, 5.576, 5.057, 4.668, all <i>P</i><0.05), CRF in low-grade group was significantly higher than that after wearing glasses(<i>t</i>=4.755, 5.065, 5.376, all <i>P</i><0.05), and CRF in moderate group was significantly higher than that after wearing glasses(<i>t</i>=9.856, 10.374, 10.764, all <i>P</i><0.05). One week after wearing glasses, the CRF level of moderate group was significantly lower than that of low group(<i>t</i>=2.610, <i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The levels of CH and CRF were decreased after wearing OK lens, which reached the lowest level 1wk after wearing OK lens and returned to a stable state 1mo after wearing OK lens. With the increase of myopia, the levels of CH and CRF will decrease to achieve the best correction effect.

Correlation between the early dynamic changes of lymphocyte and severity of disease in coronavirus disease 2019 patients / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To explore the relationship between the dynamic changes of lymphocytes in the early stage (within 72 hours of admission) and the severity of disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted. The clinical data of COVID-19 patients admitted in Wenzhou Central Hospital from January 17, 2020 to February 14, 2020 were collected and analyzed. According to whether there was lymphopenia on the first day of admission [lymphocyte count (LYM) < 0.8×10 9/L], whether the difference between LYM on the third day and the first day of admission (ΔLYM) was less than 0, the patients were divided into four groups: the first group was LYM normal on the first day of admission, ΔLYM ≥ 0; the second group was LYM normal on the first day of admission, ΔLYM < 0; the third group was lymphopenia on the first day of admission, ΔLYM ≥ 0; the fourth group was lymphopenia on the first day of admission, ΔLYM < 0. The study endpoint was the development of severe/critically ill patients within 30 days after admission. Severe/critical standard referred to classification of Diagnosis and treatment protocol for coronavirus disease 2019 (trial version 5, revised edition). The differences in general information, laboratory results, and probability of developing severe/critical were compared among the four groups. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the early dynamic changes of lymphocytes and the probability of severe illness; and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn to assess the probability of severe illness in patients with different LYM groups. Results:A total of 104 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled, and 21 patients developed to severe/critical cases within 30 days of onset (accounting for 20.2%; 17 severe cases and 4 critical cases). There were significant differences in age ( F = 5.061, P = 0.003), white blood cell count (WBC) on the first day of admission ( Z = 10.850, P = 0.013), C-reactive protein (CRP) on the first day of admission ( Z = -4.449, P < 0.001), LYM on the first day of admission ( Z = 43.132, P < 0.001), LYM on the third day of admission ( Z = 40.340, P < 0.001), and the occurrence of severe/critical illness ( χ2 = 18.645, P < 0.001) among the four groups. Patients in groups 3 and 4 were older; patients in group 3 had the lowest WBC and LYM on the first day of admission; patients in group 4 had the highest CRP on the first day of admission, the lowest LYM on the third day of admission, and high proportion of severe/critical cases. Regarding the probability of severe/critically ill patients within 30 days of admission, univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the probability of severe/critical patients in group 4 was 12.7 times higher than that in group 1 [hazard ratio ( HR) = 12.732, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 3.951-41.025, P < 0.001]; age, CRP, albumin (ALB) and lymphocyte grouping were included in multivariate Cox regression analysis, the probability of severe/critically ill patients in group 4 was 6.4 times that of group 1 ( HR = 6.398, 95% CI was 1.757-23.301, P = 0.005); however, there was no difference in the probability among the group 1, 2 and 3. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the probability of severe/critically ill patients in group 4 was significantly higher than that in groups 1, 2 and 3 (Log-Rank test: χ2 = 42.617, P < 0.001). Conclusions:Early lymphocyte dynamics change is related to the severity of patients with COVID-19. Patients with low LYM on the first day and continued decrease within 72 hours of admission have a higher probability to develop into severe/critically cases.

Influences of ancient processing method steaming with black bean and drying and pharmacopoeia processing method continuous steaming with black bean decoction on 12 components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix / 中草药

Objective: To explore the influence of ancient processing method black bean "nine cycles of steaming and drying" and modern pharmacopoeia processing method continuous steaming with black bean decoction on the main components of Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR). Methods: Simulating the time arrangement of "nine cycles of steaming and drying", samples were prepared using three processing methods: ancient method that raw PMR (rPMR) and black bean were steamed in layers and then dried, modern method that rPMR were steamed with black bean decoction and then dried, the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia that rPMR were steamed continuously with black bean decoction; The determination method of 12 components in rPMR and processed PMR (pPMR) was established using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/ MS), and 12 components in all samples processed by different methods were determined; The results was analyzed combining with t test, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results: A reliable UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method was established for the determination of emodin, physcion, rhein, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, cis-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (cis-THSG), trans-2, 3,5,4'-tetrahydroxylstilbene- 2-O-β-D-glucoside (trans-THSG), polydatin, resveratrol, epicatechin, rutin and hyperoside. With the prolongation of steaming time, the content of 12 effective components changed obviously: the content of free anthraquinone was decreased first and then increased; The content of anthraquinone glycoside, cis-THSG, polydatin and hyperoside was increased first and then decreased; The content of trans-THSG, resveratrol, epicatechin and rutin was decreased; The components content were closely related to the auxiliary materials, steaming operation methods and processing time, the influence of operation methods was greater than that of auxiliary materials on the quality of pPMR. Conclusion: The ancient processing method steaming with black bean and drying could not be equated with the modern pharmacopoeia processing method continuous steaming with black bean decoction in terms of the content of effective components. The result provides experimental basis for inheriting and developing the traditional processing method of PMR.

Analysis of Flavonoid Content and Key Gene Expressions in Sprout and Seedling of Tartary Buckwheat / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To reveal the dynamic changes of flavonoids secondary metabolites and relevant genes expressions in the process of germination of tartary buckwheat seeds by investigating the content of catechins，epicatechins，rutin，and quercetin，and the expressions of their relevant genes in tartary buckwheat sprouts and seedlings，in order to provide scientific basis for the selection of high-quality, high-nutrition tartary buckwheat sprouts.Method:Contents of catechin，epicatechin，rutin，and quercetin in tartary buckwheat sprouts and seedlings were detected by UPLC-ESI-QQQ-MS，and the expression levels of genes relating to flavonoids synthesis in tartary buckwheat sprouts and seedlings were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Result:There were differences between tartary buckwheat sprouts and seedlings in the relative contents of catechin，epicatechin，rutin and quercetin，as well as the expressions of relevant genes in the synthesis pathway, including FtPAL，FtC4H，Ft4CL，FtCHS，FtCHI，FtF3H，FtF3'H，FtFLS，FtDFR，FtLAR，FtANS，FtANR. The contents of flavonoids and the expressions of relevant genes in tartary buckwheat sprouts were higher than those in tartary buckwheat seedlings.Conclusion:The higher accumulation of secondary metabolites and flavonoids in tartary buckwheat sprouts may be related to tartary buckwheat seeds' resistance to the external environment in the initial growth stage of germination. From the perspective of application，there are more flavonoids in tartary buckwheat sprouts than in tartary buckwheat seedlings, indicating that tartary buckwheat sprouts have a higher nutritional value.

Progress in the applications of high-speed atomic force microscopy in cell biology / 南方医科大学学报

Without losing its high resolution, high-speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) represents a perfect combinationof scanning speed and precision and allows real-time and observation of the dynamic processes in a biological system atboth the cellular and molecular levels. By combining the extremely high temporal resolution with the spatial resolution andcoupling with other advanced technologies, HS-AFM shows promising prospects for applications in life sciences such as cellbiology. In this review, we summarize the latest progress of HS-AFM in the field of cell biology, and discuss the impact ofenvironmental factors on conformation dynamics of DNA, the binding processes between DNA and protein, the domainchanges of membrane proteins, motility of myosin, and surface structure changes of living cells.

The clinical significance of changes in plasma mitochondrial DNA in children with sepsis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To observe the dynamic changes of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in children with sepsis in order to explore the clinical value of it in evaluation of these cases. Methods A total of 37 sepsis children admitted from June 2016 to January 2017 in the intensive care unit of Hunan Children's Hospital were enrolled for this prospectively study. And another 27 healthy children with similar age and gender were randomly selected as the control group. The venous blood samples were taken on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after admission. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the plasma mtDNA level. Meanwhile, the laboratory examinations such as detections of CRP and PCT were carried out. The diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock was based on Sepsis Criteria 3. Patients with genetic metabolic disease, liver and kidney disease, end-stage of tumors were excluded. Data of two groups were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test. The sensitivity and specifi city were assessed by receiver operating curve (ROC). Results The plasma mtDNA level in the sepsis group 3 384.4(1 368.5, 6 857.5) pg/mL was higher than that in the healthy control group 1 904.8(1 267.9, 2 395.5) pg/mL with statistical signifi cance (P<0.05). The levels of plasma mtDNA in the sepsis multi-organ dysfunction group were higher than those in the single organ disorder group at day 1,3,7, with statistically signifi cant in three intervals (P <0.05). The level of plasma mtDNA in sepsis group were signifi cantly higher than those in non-shock group at day 1,3,7, with statistical difference (P <0.05). The plasma mtDNA levels in the non-survival group were higher than those in survival group 13 515.1(4 832.7,152 348.5)vs.2 780.0(1 226.8,5 261.2)on day 1;5 842.4(3 402.8,101 937.5)vs.1 450.5(710.6,2 481.6)on day 3 with statistical difference(P<0.05).there was no significant difference in mtDNA on day 7 was 1 045.1 vs.741.8(334.0,1 254.6)between survival group and non-survival group (P >0.05). In respect of diagnostic effi cacy of plasma mtDNA, PCT and CRP in predicting sepsis MODS, the largest area under the ROC curve of plasma mtDNA was 0.848 occurring on the 1st day, when the critical value was 2 176.2 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specifi city was 89% and 72%, respectively, and the difference was statistically signifi cant(P<0.01). When the critical value of CRP was 71.3 mg/L, the sensitivity and specifi city was 58% and 67% respectively. When the critical value of PCT was 7.24 ng/L, the sensitivity and specifi city were 84% and 61%, respectively. The plasma mtDNA peaked on day 1 followed by a downward changes. Conclusions The elevated level of plasma mtDNA in sepsis children was associated with organ dysfunction, indicating that it can be used as one of biomarkers for the diagnosis of sepsis MODS in children. The level of plasma mtDNA in children with sepsis was significantly high on the first and third day after admission, which was positively correlated with the severity of sepsis and it has certain value in assessment of the disease.

Dynamic Observation of Serum CXCL-12 in Patients with Different Subtypes of Acute Ischemic Stroke / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To observe the dynamic change of serum CXCL-12 in patients with different subtypes of acute ischemic stroke.Methods 141 patients with acute ischemic stroke from January 2014 to June 2016 were recruited to participate in the study as stroke group.According to TOAST classification,they were divided into LAA group (52 cases),SAO group (54 cases) and CE group (35 cases).60 healthy physical examination patients in Affiliated Hospitd of Yan'an University physical examination centre in same time were selected as control group.Serum CXCL-12 of stroke patients were detected at admission,3th day,7th day and 14th day after stroke.Results Compared with the control group,the serum CXCL-12 level at four different time during acute stage were higher in three subgroups.Serum CXCL-12 in patients of three stoke subgroups was significantly increase within 24 hour after stroke.And it would peak at 3th day.Then,the level of serum CXCL-12 began to fall.Multivariate Logistics analysis showed that serum CXCL-12 level in patients with three different stroke subgroups at 7th day after stroke was the risk factor of poor prognosis.Conclusion For the patients with different subtypes of acute ischemic stroke,the serum CXCL-12 levels increased significantly.Moreover,the high level of serum CXCL-12 may correlate with poor prognosis.

Dynamic change of population structure of Oncomelania hupensis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the successive dynamic change of population structure of Oncomelania hupensis during a one-year period,so as to provide the evidence for snail control. Methods A river beach and a ditch infested with O. hupensis snails were selected and longitudinally investigated in the midmonth during one year. The snail survey indices included the sur-vival status,gender,number of whorls,length and width of shell,and gonad development status(measured by the color depth of gonad and the length ratio of gonad to liver),and the monthly snail eggs in the soil were collected and counted simultaneous-ly. In addition,the temperature and humidity of the soil and the daily data of air temperature and precipitation were measured or collected during the study period(every month). Results Both survival rate of snails and live snail density at the two environ-ments were positively correlated with the temperatures of air and soil. With a slight bimodal distribution ,the snail survival rate peaked from May to June,and in September. The living snail densities got the highest level in July and September in the river beach,and from April to May in the ditch. The regression equations of snail length(L)and width(W)were Lbeach = 2.355 +1.678W(F=2989.43,P<0.01)and Lditch=0.478+2.091W(F=2.989.43,P<0.01),respectively. The snails were the ones with 4.07-11.81 mm in the length(8.98 ± 0.92)mm in the river beach,and the snails were the ones with 3.63-9.92 mm in the length(7.03 ± 0.82)mm in the ditch. The main snails were the ones with five to eight whorls of shell in the river beach and four to seven whorls of shell in the ditch. The proportions of snails with less than or equal to five whorls(in the river beach)and four (in the ditch)were the highest in May and September,about 20％. The ratios of male and female snails were 1.66 in the river beach and 1.22 in the ditch,respectively. The gonad development status of male and female snails was basically synchronous and had a bimodal abundance period-from April to May and September to October. The numbers of snail eggs in the soil among months were significantly different,reaching the highest in June in the river beach(100.8/0.1 m2),and May in the ditch(82.5/0.1 m2). Conclusion The principal periods of breeding and alternation of generations of snails are April-May and September-October every year,which should also be the optimal time for mollusciciding in schistosomiasis susceptible zones.

Characterization of molecular signature of the roots of Paeonia lactiflora during growth / 中国天然药物

The roots of Paeoniae lactiflora Pall. are widely consumed as crude drugs in Asian countries due to their remarkable beneficial health effects. The present research was undertaken to illuminate the dynamic changes in metabolites and enzymes and facilitate selection of the harvesting time when the herb can provide optimum health benefits. P. lactiflora roots were analyzed at 12 stages of growth for monoterpenoid glycosides, phenols, nucleosides, nucleobases, amino acids, and polysaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and UV spectrophotometry. The enzyme activities of plant β-glucosidases and esterases were determined by UV methods. The total content of monoterpenoid glycosides and phenols peaked in December. For nucleosides and nucleobases, the highest content appeared in April. The maximum phasic accumulation of the total amino acids took place in March, and the content of total polysaccharides reached a peak value in September. December, April, and March were selected as the appropriate harvesting times for producing natural medicinal or health food products. Plant β-glucosidases and esterases showed the highest activity in December and May, respectively. When the activity of β-glucosidase increased, esterase activity decreased, while the contents of oxypaeoniflora and paeoniflorin increased. When esterase activity increased, the contents of benzoylpaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, and gallic acid decreased. In conclusion, the results from the present study would be useful in determination of the suitable time for harvesting P. lactiflora roots for medicinal purposes.

Dynamic serum metabolomics study of liver injury in rats caused by Polygonum multifulorum / 中国中药杂志

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used for determination of metabolic fingerprint spectrum in rat serum, and the method of multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare the metabolism spectrum difference and screen significantly related biomarkers. The dynamic change trend was investigated at the same time. The dynamic metabonomics changes of liver injury in rats caused by Polygonum multifulorum(PM) were investigated; significantly related biomarkers were found and their dynamic change trend was investigated to provide basis for internal mechanism and early clinical diagnosis. There was certain difference in serum metabolic profile of the rats at different time points. Six potential biomarkers were screened through comparative analysis, including oleamide, lysoPC(16∶0), leukotriene A4, trans-tetra-dec-2-enoic acid, dihydrocortisol and 7a-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone. These markers presented the dynamic change trend in the process of PM causing liver damage. The biomarkers contents had a significant change after one week of drug administration, more sensitive than ALT and AST. It can reveal the dynamic mechanism of PM causing liver damage and hepatic self-healing performance to some extent, with important application value and significance for monitoring liver function and early detecting diagnosis for patients with PM.

Dynamic changes of flavonoids in Actinidia valvata leaves at different growing stages measured by HPLC-MS/MS / 中国天然药物

Flavonoids are a large group of phenolic secondary metabolites havinga wide range of biochemical and pharmacological effects. Quantitative analysis of flavonoid profiles in the genus Actinidia, which has not been intensively conducted, is useful to a better understanding of the pattern and distribution of flavonoids. In the present work, a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed to profile the flavonoids, which was then used to determine the dynamic change of 17 biologically active flavonoids in the leaves of Actinidia valvata at the main growing stages, including glucuronides and acylated di- and triglycosides of flavonoids. The contents of flavonoid triglycosides were significantly higher than other flavonoids. The highest concentrations of kaemperol glycosides were observed in June, while other flavonoids showed highest concentrations in October. On the other hand, the contents of four isorhamnetin glycosides were increased sharply in September to October. The flavonoid profiles seem to be related to temperature, UV-B, and water deficit. Further studies are required to examine the functions of flavonoids in the Actinidia valvata and the underlying molecular mechanisms of actions.

GC-MS combined with AMDIS and Kováts retention index to investigate dynamic change rules of volatile components from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with different stir-baking degrees / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the dynamic change rules of volatile components from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with different stir-baking degrees (from slight stir-baking, stir-baking to yellow, stir-baking to brown, to stir-baking to scorch). In the present experiment, the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma samples with different stir-baking degrees were collected at different processing time points. The contents of volatile oil in various samples were determined by steam distillation method, and the volatile compounds were extracted by using static headspace sampling method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrography (GC-MS) and automated mass spectral deconrolution and identification system (AMDIS) were combined with Kováts retention index to analyze the chemical constituents of the volatile compounds. The results showed that with the deepening of the stir-baking degree, the content of volatile oil was decreased step by step in 4 phases, and both the compositions and contents of volatile components from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma showed significant changes. The results showed that the dynamic change rules of volatile components from Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma in the process of stir-baking were closely related to the processing degree; in addition, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and honey bran had adsorption on each other. These results can provide a scientific basis for elucidating the stir-baking (with bran) mechanism of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma.

Dynamic change rules of active ingredients and inactive ingredients from Fructus Hordei Germinatus with frying process / 中国中药杂志

It is not scientific to explain that fried Fructus Hordei Germinatus is more effective than row Fructus Hordei Germinatus in resolving food stagnation from the aspects of amylase, tricine and other "active ingredients". In the present experiment, the contents of active ingredients including quercetin, tricine, kaempferol, catechin, ferulic acid and inactive ingredients including 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, acrylamide in frying process were determined by HPLC. The dynamic change rules of active ingredient and inactive ingredients in the frying process were investigated by HCA, PCA and PLS-DA analysis. The results showed that the Fructus Hordei Germinatus samples with different frying temperatures were classified into 4 groups by HCA and PCA analysis. PLS-DA analysis showed that frying temperature mainly impacted the contents of inactive ingredients including 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and acrylamide, with less effects on the contents of active ingredients. Simultaneously, with the increase of time in frying process, the content of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural was significantly increased from 2 min and became stable at 16 min, while the content of acrylamide was increased continuously from 18 min. Based on the variation of the contents of various ingredients, samples at different frying time were classified into 5 groups. The results showed that the content changes of "inactive ingredients" were closely related to the duration and degree of frying process, and the dynamic change rules of "inactive ingredients" can provide scientific basis for evaluating the frying process and elucidating the efficacy mechanism of Fructus Hordei Germinatus.

Research on Dynamic Changes in Content of Secondary Metabolite from Cultivated Spatholobus suberectus Dunn / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective The dynamic accumulation trend of secondary metabolite in cultivated Spatholobus suberectus Dunn at different growth time was studied to provide scientific basis for confirming its reasonable harvesting time. Methods Ethanol-soluble extractives were measured by the method recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia ( A) Appendix XA ( 2010 edition). The content of total flavonoids was tested by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The contents of protocatechuic acid, catechin, and epicatechin in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn were determined by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC). Results The contents of ethanol-soluble extractives, total flavonoids and the major components such as protocatechui cacid, catechin and epicatechin in Spatholobus suberectus Dunn showed increasing trend with the prolongation of growth time. The changes of contents of alcohol-soluble extract, total flavonoids and epicatechin in samples collecting at different months in one year showed a parabolic trend, and the contents reached the peak values from July to September. Catechin content kept increasing continually. The content of ethanol -soluble extractives of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn aged 4-6 years met the requirements of the current edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia when harvested from July to September. Conclusion It is preliminarily recommended that Spatholobus suberectus Dunn cultivated for more than 7 years is suitable for harvesting, but the optimal harvest period and the harvest month still need to be further studied.

Dynamic changes in serum inflammatory cytokines and their association with neurogenic pulmonary edema in patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes in the serum inflammatory cytokines and their association with neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) in the patients with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD).Methods Eighty-nine patients with severe HFMD from March 2010 to December 2012 were recruited in the study.The patients were divided into NPE group and central nervous system diseases (CNSD) group according whether they had NPE.The cytokines,including interleukin (IL)-4,IL-6,IL-10,IL-17,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ)were evaluated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 1,3 and 5 after admission to hospital.Risk factors for NPE involvement during hospital stay were analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results (1) Compared with the CNSD group,the serum levels of IL-6 (Ftime =1.876,P =0.177,Ftime* group =2.192,P =0.145,Fgroup =7.855,P =0.007),TNF-α(Ftime =13.133,P =0.001,Ftime* group =0.291,P =0.592,Fgroup =3.644,P =0.042),IL-10 (Ftime =14.580,P =0.001,Ftime* group =2.612,P =0.078,Fgroup =16.823,P =0.000),INF-γ (Ftime =3.093,P =0.045,Ftime* group =0.513,P =0.600,Fgroup =20.141,P =0.000) were significantly higher than those in NPE group.(2)The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-10,INF-γ rose to the peak on the third day.(3) By using multivariate Logistic regression analysis,age (OR =3.383,95％ CI:1.173-4.759),days of fever (OR =4.925,95％ CI:1.758-3.794),hyperglycaemia (OR =3.465,95％ CI:1.303-5.220),leucocytosis (OR =7.579,95 ％ CI:2.530-12.704) and elevation of IL-10 (OR =1.228,95 ％ CI:1.007-1.523) were entered into equation.In the risk evaluation model,these variables remained independent predictors for NPE.Conclusions Abnormal cytokine productions appear to be responsible for the pathogenesis of NPE,and might be an effective tool for predicting NPE in infants with severe HFMD.

Determination of the dynamic changes of inorganic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix by ICP-MS / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dynamic changes of the inorganic elements in Polygoni Multiflori Radix.

The accumulation and maturation status of pulmonary conventional dendritic cells in the early phase of acute lung injury / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the accumulation and maturation status of pulmonary conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in the early phase of acute lung injury (ALI),and to explore the way of the inflammatory responses and lung injury modulated by cDCs in vivo.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were randomly ( random number) divided into the normal control group,6 h-ALI group and 24 h-ALI group.Murine model of ALI was made by intra-tracheal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lung specimens were taken 6 h or 24 h later.The accumulation and maturation status of pulmonary cDCs were assessed by flow cytometry.IL-6 and TNF-α were quantified to evaluate the lung inflammation.Transcription factors T-bet/GATA-3 mRNA ratio was determined to estimate the balance between Th1/Th2 responses.IFN-γand IL-4 were quantified to evaluate Thl-specific and Th2-specific cytokine production respectively.Lung injury was estimated by lung wet weight/body weight ratio (LWW/BW) and histopathological assessment.Comparison between groups was performed using one -way ANOVA.ResultsCompared with normal control group,LPS challenge resulted in higher level of IL-6 and TNF-α,increased LWW/BW ratio and significant histopathological changes (P ＜0.01 ).The accumulation and maturation of pulmonary cDCs in 6 h-ALI group were significantly increased after LPS challenge (P ＜0.01 ),while the accumulation and maturation of pulmonary cDCs in 24 h-ALI group were significantly lower than that in 6 h-ALI group ( P ＜0.01 ).Compared with normal control group,the expression of T-bet mRNA in 24 h-ALI group was markedly enhanced ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and the production of IFN-γ was increased as well ( P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe accumulation and maturation of pulmonary cDCs peaked within 24 h after LPS challenge,pulmonary cDCs may initiate and amplify acute lung inflammation of ALI by enhancing the Th1 immune response and ensuing cytokine production.